The 1967 Israeli Attack on the USS Liberty - False Flag Hatched by Israeli and U.S. Intelligence for Invasion of Egypt and Possibly WW3

June 5-10, 1967 - The "Six-Day War"

Also known as the 1967 Arab-Israeli War or the Third Arab-Israeli War, was fought between June 5 and June 10, 1967, by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt [known then as the United Arab Republic (UAR)], Jordan, and Syria. At the war's end, Israel had seized the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. [1]













USS Liberty, 1964-1970

The USS Liberty was an unarmed technical research ship used to gather intelligence by intercepting electronic communications. During the "Six-Day War" between Israel and several Arab nations, she was sent to collect electronic intelligence in the eastern Mediterranean off the coast of the Sinai Peninsula. Curiously, no armed support vessels were sent to protect the Liberty. As always, an American flag was prominently flying at mast.











Thursday, June 8, 1967 - 5-6 am

The morning of the attack, on at least 9 separate occasions Israeli planes flew out from the Sinai Peninsula to investigate the ship. USS Liberty survivors recall the planes circling the ship at least 12 times, and identified the aircraft as Israeli. The sailors aboard are not alarmed, and are confident their "ally" has identified them as a U.S. ship.












The attack begins

Around 2pm, the Israelis attack the Liberty with unmarked Mirage jets, launching rockets, strafing the ship with cannon fire, and dropping napalm on the deck. Despite this attempt to conceal their identity, the sailors on board the Liberty know their attackers are the Israelis.













Israelis jam U.S. communication frequencies

Each nation's naval fleet uses a specific different frequency. In order to jam U.S. communications, the Israelis must have known what frequencies the U.S. were using, and therefore that it was a U.S. ship.












'Retaliation' against Egypt is ordered

The Liberty's S.O.S. message was picked up by the U.S. 6th fleet patrolling 400 miles west in the Mediterranean. Nuclear-armed A-4 bombers are launched from the USS America aircraft carrier. A nuclear strike had been ordered against Egypt. The U.S. embassy in Cairo was notified that an attack was coming. A few minutes later, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara from the Pentagon orders the aircraft recalled.












McNamara denies permission to launch rescue aircraft

Defense Secretary McNamara orders the 6th Fleet Admiral to not launch any aircraft to help the Liberty.













President Johnson confirms McNamara's order

The Admiral challenges McNamara's order to not launch rescue aircraft, and the President comes on the line and talks directly to the Admiral. Johnson tells the 6th Fleet commander that he "doesn't give a damn if the ship sinks. We're not going to embarrass an ally."














The attack on the Liberty continues

While rescue aircraft are launched and then recalled, the USS Liberty is still under attack by Israeli torpedo boats. The Liberty is hit by a torpedo on the starboard side, opening a large hole in the hull, and lists 10 degrees. The sailors prepare to abandon ship. The torpedo boats machine gun life rafts, demonstrating intent to leave no survivors. Though severely damaged, Liberty's crew kept her afloat, and she was able to leave the area under her own power.












The Aftermath - 34 U.S. sailors dead, 173 wounded

In all, thirty-four men were killed in the attacks and over 170 wounded. Israel subsequently apologized for the incident, explaining that its air and naval forces had mistaken the Liberty for a much smaller Egyptian Navy ship.












The Cover-Up

In a signed affidavit, retired Capt. Ward Boston said President Johnson and Defense Secretary McNamara ordered those heading the Navy's inquiry into the Liberty attack to "conclude that the attack was a case of 'mistaken identity' despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary." [2]












Captain of Liberty believed attack was deliberate

The Captain of the USS Liberty, William McGonagle, after years of silence, finally came forward near the end of his life with his belief that the attack was intentional, and stated so publicly in 1997 in Arlington National Cemetary on the 30th anniversary of the attack. Shortly before he died in March 1999, he sent a letter to President Clinton urging him to acknowledge that the Liberty attack was deliberate.













"Operation Cyanide" - USS Liberty attack part of elaborate plan to attack Egypt

The plan to attack the Liberty was hatched by American and Israeli intelligence, carried out with the foreknowledge of high-level people in the U.S. Government, and part of Operation Cyanide, a plan for the U.S. invasion of Soviet-backed Egypt and the overthrow of the Egyptian President Abdel Nasser. The intent was to sink the Liberty and kill all those aboard, so that Egypt could be blamed.














2007 - Declassified intercepted Israeli pilot communications prove the Israelis knew they were attacking an American ship

In the tapes, Israeli ground control knows the target ship is American and asks the pilots to confirm the target. Ground control instructs the pilots to sink the ship and leave no survivors. Some Israeli pilots were reluctant to attack the Liberty, calling to Israeli ground control and asking 'This is an American ship. Do you still want us to attack?' And ground control repied, 'Yes, follow orders.' [3]











Survivors demand justice

Despite orders to not talk to anyone about the incident under threat of court-martial, USS Liberty survivors have been demanding justice and a real investigation for the last 43 years, strongly insisting the attack was deliberate and that there has been a cover-up.












2002- BBC Documentary "Dead in the Water"

An excellent documentary that provides overwhelming evidence, including testimony from survivors of the USS Liberty and others, that the attack was intentional. A 'must see' (below).












"Dead in the Water"

A bungled false flag attempt

One of the most stunning and defining events in American history and the 20th Century, demonstrating the absolute Jewish-Zionist control over the U.S. Government, and the use of "false-flag" attacks. Because the Liberty did not sink after two hours of attack, the plan for invasion of Egypt was quickly reversed, and Israel "apologized" for the case of "mistaken identity", and a cover-up was put into place. The jewish plans for world conflagration and WW3 would have to wait, being kicked off by the false flag of 9/11.

Sources:

- "Dead in the Water" (BBC)
- Chicago Tribune: "New revelations in attack on American spy ship"
- CBS News: "Did LBJ Cover For Israel?"
- "The USS Liberty: America's Most Shameful Secret" by Eric S. Margolis



Further Resources:

- USS Liberty Veterans Association website
- 'USS Liberty Memorial' by survivor Jim Ennes




Other Articles of Interest:

- 1946 King David Hotel Bombing - Zionist 'Israel' the Founding Fathers of Modern Terrorism
- Communist Genocide in Soviet Union - Jewish Bolsheviks Murder 60+ Million in Russia & Ukraine, 1917-1987
- The Roots of Anti-Semitism - Why Do People Hate the Jews?
- Introduction to the Holocaust™ Hoax
- Dr. Alan Sabrosky, former director of studies at the US Army War College: Mossad, Jewish neo-cons, and Israelis orchestrated 9/11 attack
- World War Two Was the Jewish Conquest of Europe

The Post-WWII Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944-1950; Estimated 2 Million Ethnic Germans Die in Expulsions

Topic of German expulsion still taboo

March 21, 2010

By Brent Davis, Record staff

WATERLOO — It’s a dark chapter in world history that many know nothing about, that others refuse to acknowledge.

It concerns the expulsion of millions of Germans living in Eastern Europe after the Second World War, from such places as Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia and eastern areas of Germany.

It’s estimated that as many as 15 million people may have been forced from their homes, a move in part condoned by the Allied leaders in the Potsdam Agreement, which authorized the return of Germans in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary to Germany.

Those transfers were to be conducted in “an orderly and humane manner,” according to the agreement signed by British, American and Soviet leaders. It would prove to be anything but.

While casualty estimates vary, many historians — including Alfred de Zayas, whose books Nemesis at Potsdam and A Terrible Revenge were among the first English works to chronicle the tragedy — believe that two million Germans died as a result.

De Zayas, a lawyer and human rights expert who spent 25 years with the United Nations, says it deserves to be recognized alongside such failures of humanity as the Armenian genocide and ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia.

“We would be ashamed of ourselves if we realized the magnitude of the crimes,” said de Zayas, who will speak tonight at the University of Waterloo.

“The subject matter belongs in the schools,” he said in an interview. “It should be taught in genocide courses, courses that deal with crimes against humanity.”

And although the Cuban-born de Zayas — now a professor at the Geneva School of Diplomacy & International Relations — said he “broke the taboo” by writing about the expulsion, it’s a topic that still remains off-limits to many.

“They’ve got a problem with the concept of Germans as victims,” he said. “I don’t have a problem … I came to it because I thought it was an important subject.”

He says he’s been asked whether he’s anti-Semitic or a Holocaust denier, and he quickly dismisses those assertions.

“If I only deal with one category of victims, and deliberately ignore the experience of other victims, I am essentially taking away the human dignity of the other,” he said. “I’m essentially saying my corpses are prettier than your corpses.”

De Zayas will speak tonight at 7:30 p.m. at UW’s Arts Lecture Hall. Tickets are $12, and $10 for students and seniors.

bdavis@therecord.com

http://news.therecord.com/article/687051



Recommended Reading:
A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944-1950 by Alfred-Maurice de Zayas [1]
[more]


Other Reading:
wikipedia: "Expulsion of Germans after World War II"



Related Articles:

- "After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation" by Giles MacDonogh
- Unspeakable Atrocities - New German film on the greatest mass rape in history - 2 million German women raped by the Judeo-Bolsheviks from 1945-49
- "Crimes and Mercies" by James Bacque: the genocide of 9 to 14 million ethnic Germans under Allied occupation from 1944-1950
- The Real "holocaust" of WWII - The post-war genocide of at least three million Germans - Eisenhower's Death Camps
- Dresden - A True Holocaust And Act Of Heinous Terrorism
- Historian acknowledges Britain fire-bombed German cities in WWII for purpose of mass civilian deaths and terror, killing at least 600,000

Bible does not say that Earth is only 6,000 years old, only that Adam & Eve created 6,000 years ago - Life existed in previous ages, then destroyed

INTRODUCTION

The Bible does not teach that the Earth is only six thousand years old. What the Bible does indicate and record is that Adam and Eve were created approximately six thousand years ago. Prior to the creation of Adam and Eve, going back perhaps thousands and millions of years, life existed in previous ages on the Earth. At some point, as indicated by the Bible, this life was destroyed in a great cataclysm, including flooding by water. Genesis 1:2 records that the Creator "moved upon the face of the waters" of this desolated Earth, and then "remade" the Earth and re-created life on the Earth.

This all can be shown from a proper translation of Genesis and other passages in the Bible from the original Hebrew and Greek.


Resources:
Strong's Concordance
Hebrew and Greek Lexicon


Source: Bible Study Site: "When Was The Beginning?"

[NOTE/DISCLAMER: I am unsure about some of the teaching in the above source (eg, the claim that the one third of the "stars of heaven" who revolted with Lucifer included our own souls in spiritual bodies in this previous age), and therefore do not endorse the source in full. ]

Excerpts from source:

GENESIS 1:1-2









Embedded notes in Scripture (by #):

*1). In the beginning. It states: "In the beginning," but it doesn't say when that was. We know from archeology that this earth is billions of years old. Scientific Carbon Dating does not contradict this verse!

There is no date given in the above Scripture, why try to affix one? It is impossible, for there is no reference point given. We can however pick up a date when Adam will later in the Scriptures be formed, because all his ancestor's ages are given in the Scriptures themselves, and the age that they were when they had the next child chronologically in the list. There was a reason that God saw to it that this, seemingly redundant and unimportant information, was handed down through the Millennia whereby we may simply add the numbers up together and deduct them from any certain date in secular history.

But Adam's being formed is long after this verse transpires. This is a substantial point often overlooked by those whom, for whatever reasons of their own, seek to cast doubt on the Bible. It didn't say that God created the Earth when He formed Adam. So while with certainly we may date Adam, we cannot do the same with the date of the creation of the world. Why charge God and His Bible with error when the real problem is our inability to read what is written and to not read into it that which is not written?

*2). We notice that there is a period at the end of this sentence. That means that this thought is complete and the next sentence is a new thought. In reality there is unknown eons of time between this verse and the next. This is what is called time gap in scriptures, and it is recognized to occur in at least twenty-five places in the Bible.











Using Strong's Concordance for Genesis 1:2, we get the following:

"And the earth [H776] was [H1961] (8804) without form [H8414], and void [H922]; and darkness [H2822] [was] upon the face [H6440] of the deep [H8415]. And the Spirit [H7307] of God [H430] moved [H7363] (8764) upon [H5921] the face [H6440] of the waters [H4325]."

1). was is the English translation of a Hebrew word (hayah) which means Became. In other words, the earth was not created without form and void, but that it became that way at some point in time after it was created.

Hebrew word #1961 hayah (haw-yaw); a primitive root [compare 1933]; to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

*2). without form was translated from the Hebrew word (tohuw) that means: to lie waste, a desolation. You cannot lie waste or desolate something unless it was once in good condition and then at some later time it was destroyed.

Hebrew word #8414 tohuw (to'-hoo);
from an unused root meaning to lie waste; a desolation (of surface), i.e. desert; figuratively, a worthless thing; adverbially, in vain: KJV-- confusion, empty place, without form, nothing, (thing of) nought, vain, vanity, waste, wilderness.

*3). void is translated from a Hebrew word (bohuw) that means: an indistinguishable ruin. You cannot have a ruin unless there was at first, something to ruin.

Hebrew word #922 bohuw (bo'-hoo);
from an unused root (meaning to be empty); a vacuity, i.e. (superficially) an undistinguishable ruin: KJV-- emptiness, void.

*4). darkness (choshek) as it is used here means to become dark, to be darkened. You cannot darken something that was not lit in the first place.

Hebrew word #2822 choshek (kho-shek');
from 2821; the dark; hence (literally) darkness; figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow, wickedness: KJV-- dark (-ness), night, obscurity.

*5). deep, this corresponds with the description of the destruction of the first earth age by water (NOT Noah's flood here).

Hebrew word #8415 tehowm (teh-home'); or tehom (teh-home');
(usually feminine) from 1949; an abyss (as a surging mass of water), especially the deep (the main sea or the subterranean water-supply): KJV-- deep (place), depth.

*6). There is a period at the end of this sentence. The following sentence marks the beginning of the rejuvenation into this (our current day) earth age.

*7). Spirit of God = The Holy Spirit; the Spirit of God IS the Holy Spirit.


Below, we will see what Almighty God says about the way He created the world, and we see that He did not create it void and without form, but that it became like that at a later time:

Isa 45:18
For thus saith the LORD that created the heavens; God himself that formed the earth and made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain*1, he formed it to be inhabited: I am the LORD; and there is none else. (KJV)

*1). vain = There is something remarkable here that is lost to the English reader of the Bible. In the Hebrew Manuscripts that the above verse was translated out of, the word translated into the English as vain is translated from the identical Hebrew word that we saw in Gen 1:1 (tohuw - #2 above), it's the same Hebrew word.

So that should explain what it is really saying when we read in Gen 1:2: "And the earth was without form [tohuw], and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep."

It is important to point out that the separation of Chapters, Verses, Sentences, and even the spaces between words is the work of the Scribes and the Translators. In the ancient Manuscripts, the whole page is written like one long word. The Scribes and Translators only had their interpretation of the meaning of the scripture to use as a guide, when separating Chapters, Verses, Lines, and the words.

This happens in our verse 2 above, in the middle of verse two after the period we have the sentence that marks the beginning of the rejuvenation of the world into our present earth age (the second of three): "And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters." This rejuvenation continues on in the following verses as God creates everything as we know it in our world.

So therefore, with the truest meanings of the key defined words in the above scripture explained, we can thus take the first verse and the first half of the second verse, up to the period, and present it as such:

1) In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
2) And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. (Notice the periods)

And now we will explain the verse, not retranslate it. We will describe it so that it explains not only the Hebrew words in the English language, but also the Hebrew thought into the English understanding. Therefore, it will be better understood if read as:

In the beginning of time, when that was isn't stated, God created everything in the Heavens and on the earth. Then some unknown length of time later, something catastrophic occurred that made God's Creation come to utter destruction, it became a wasted place. This destruction manifested itself among other things as a total flood. So complete was this destructive event that not only did the earth become an indistinguishable ruin, but even the sun stopped shining its light upon it, and all the earth was cast into utter darkness.

Then the second sentence of verse 2 marks the start of the rejuvenation of the earth and the commencement of God's Creation on the earth as we know it now in this present second earth age which we now live in.

MORE SCRIPTURAL EVIDENCE OF THE DESTRUCTION OF THE EARTH IN A PREVIOUS AGE

2 Pet 3:5-7
5 For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water:
6 Whereby the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished:
7 But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men.

The above passage is not talking about the flood of Noah's time (which was not a worldwide flood anyway), because the world did not perish at that time (ie, Noah and his family survived, as well as plant life, etc).



Further Resource:
Earth's Age: Does the Bible Indicate a Time Interval Between the First and Second Verses of Genesis?

"After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation" by Giles MacDonogh

About the book

Description

When the Third Reich collapsed in 1945, the Allied powers converged on Germany and divided it into four zones of occupation. A nation in tatters, in many places literally flattened by bombs, was suddenly subjected to brutal occupation by vengeful victors. Rape was rampant. Hundreds of thousands of Germans and German-speakers died in the course of brutal deportations from Eastern Europe. By the end of the year, Germany was literally starving to death. Over a million German prisoners of war died in captivity, where they were subjected to inadequate rations and often tortured. All told, an astounding 2.25 million German civilians died violent deaths in the period between the liberation of Vienna and the Berlin airlift. A shocking account of a massive and vicious military occupation, After the Reich offers a bold reframing of the history of World War II and its aftermath. Historian Giles MacDonogh has unearthed a record of brutality which has been largely ignored by historians or, worse, justified as legitimate retaliation for the horror of the Holocaust. Drawing on a vast array of contemporary firstperson accounts, MacDonogh has finally given a voice to tens of millions of civilians who, lucky to survive the war, found themselves struggling to survive a hellish peace.

Reviews

Throughout time it has been the victor who has written history, but here historian MacDonogh examines the darker side of the Allied occupation of defeated Germany . . . Of interest to students of modern Europe, complementing W.G. Sebald’s On the Natural History of Destruction (2003) and other studies of history from the point of view of the vanquished.
— Kirkus Reviews

MacDonogh has written a grueling but important book. This unhappy story has long been cloaked in silence since telling it suited no one. Not the Allies, because it placed them near the moral nadir of the Nazis; nor the Germans, because they did not wish to be accused of whitewashing Hitler by highlighting what was, by any standard, a war crime. Giles MacDonogh has told a very inconvenient truth.
— Nigel Jones Sunday Telegraph (London)

VE Day on May 8, 1945 mocked the subsequent condition of Europe. As crowds in London, Paris and New York celebrated the declaration of peace, much more misery and death lay ahead. Two, perhaps three million Germans perished in the years that followed: in captivity; from hunger and casual violence; and above all, during the expulsions of ethnic Germans from the east, which the western Allies had agreed with the Russians before hostilities ended. Giles MacDonogh's book chronicles this saga from the liberation of Vienna to the 1948 Berlin Airlift and 1949 formation of Konrad Adenauer's government in Bonn. It makes grimmer reading than most war stories, because there is little redemptive courage or virtue. Here is a catalogue of pillage, rape, starvation, inhumanity and suffering on a titanic scale.... [AFTER THE REICH] book brings together many stories that deserve to be much better known in the West.
— Max Hastings Sunday Times (London)

Full book online



Review of the book (with mention of the work of others in this area, including Ralph Franklin Keeling and James Bacque). Lengthy, but very good read.

Revisiting the "Good War's" Aftermath: Emerging Truth in an Ocean of Myth

Dwight D. Murphey
Wichita State University, retired

[This article was published in the Spring 2009 issue of The Journal
of Social, Political and Economic Studies, pp. 95-110.]

Part I

Those who honestly chronicle human events, present or past, are a rare and honorable breed. We should certainly ennoble them within the pantheon of our earthly gods. As we do so, we will no doubt include those who, not out of alienation against the West or the United States or its people but out of a thirst for truth, are bringing to light the awful events that followed in the wake of World War II (as well as the enormities that were committed as part of the way in which the war was fought against civilian populations, although that is a subject we won't be exploring here).

That war has been known among Americans as "the good war," and those who fought it as "the greatest generation." But now, slowly, we are hit by the realities so commonplace to a complex human existence: there was much that was not good, and along with the self-sacrifice and high intentions there was much that was venal and brutal. These realities are coming to the surface because there are some scholars, at least, who are aware that an ocean of wartime propaganda spawns a myth that continues for several decades and who have a commitment to truth that overrides the many inducements to conform to the myth.

This article began as a simple review of Giles MacDonogh's book that is identified above. His book is largely of the myth-breaking sort I have just praised. Because, however, there is valuable additional material that I am loath to leave unmentioned, I have expanded it to include other information and authors, although leaving it primarily a review of After the Reich.

MacDonogh's is a puzzling book, both brave and craven, mostly (but not entirely) worthy of the high praise we must give to incorruptible scholars. As we have noted, the American public has long thought of the Allied effort in World War II as a "great crusade" that pitted good and decency against Nazi evil. Even after all these years, it is likely that the last thing the public wants to learn is that vast and unspeakable wrongs were committed by both the Western Allies and the Soviet Union during the war and its aftermath. It flies in the face of that reluctance for MacDonogh to tell "the brutal history" at great length.

That willingness is commendable for its intellectual bravery. In light of it, it is puzzling that even as he does so he puts a gloss over that history, in effect continuing in part a cover-up of historic proportions that has been fixed in place by the overhang of wartime propaganda for almost two-thirds of a century.

The great value of his book thus cannot be found in its completeness or its strict candor, but rather in its providing something of a bridge-albeit quite an extensive one-that can start conscientious readers toward further study of an immensely important subject.

For this article, it will be valuable to begin by summarizing the history MacDonogh relates (and to add somewhat to it). It is only after doing this that we will discuss what MacDonogh obscures. All of this will then lead to some concluding reflections.

In his Preface, MacDonogh says his purpose is to "expose the victorious Allies in their treatment of the enemy at peace, for in most cases it was not the criminals who were raped, starved, tortured or bludgeoned to death but women, children and old men." Although this suggests the tone of the book will be one of outrage, the narrative is in the main informative rather than polemical.

MacDonogh's scholarly background includes several books of German and French history and biography (as well as four books on wine).

The expulsions (today called "ethnic cleansing").

At the end of the war, MacDonogh tells us, "as many as 16.5 million Germans were driven from their homes." 9.3 million were expelled from the eastern portion of Germany, which was made a part of Poland.

(Both the eastern and western boundaries of Poland were drastically shifted westward by agreement of the allies, with Poland taking an important part of Germany and the Soviet Union taking eastern Poland.) The other 7.2 million were forced from their ancestral homes in Central Europe where they had lived for generations.

This mass expulsion was settled upon in the Potsdam Agreement in mid-1945, although the Agreement did make it explicit that the ethnic cleansing was to take place "in the most humane manner possible." Churchill was among those who supported it as conducive "to lasting peace."

In fact, the process was so inhumane that it amounted to one of history's great atrocities. MacDonogh reports that "some two and a quarter million would die during the expulsions." This is at the lower end of such estimates, which range from 2.1 million to 6.0 million, if we take only the expellees into account. Konrad Adenauer, very much a friend of the West, found himself able to say that among those expelled "six million GermansS are dead, gone."[1] We will be seeing MacDonogh's account of the starvation and exposure to extreme cold to which the post-war population of Germany was subject, and it is worth mentioning at this point (even though it goes beyond the expulsions) that the historian James Bacque says that "the comparison of the censuses has shown us that some 5.7 million people disappeared inside Germany between October 1946 [a year and a half after the war ended] and September 1950S."[2]

What MacDonogh calls "the greatest maritime tragedy of all time" occurred when the ship the Wilhelm Gustloff, carrying Germans from Danzig in January 1945, was sunk with "anything up to 9,000 people,S many of them children." In mid-1946, "pictures show some of the 586,000 Bohemian Germans packed in box cars like sardines." At another point MacDonogh tells how "the refugees were often packed so tightly that they could not move to defecate and emerged from the trucks covered with excrement. Many were dead on arrival." [This calls to mind the scenes described so vividly in Volume I of Solzhenitsyn's The Gulag Archipelago.] In Silesia, "streams of civilians were forced from their homes at gunpoint." A priest estimated that a quarter of the German population of one Lower Silesian town killed itself, as entire families committed suicide together.

The condition of the German population--starvation and extreme cold. Germans refer to 1947 as Hungerjahr, the "year of hunger," but MacDonogh says that "even by the winter of 1948 the situation had not been remedied." People ate dogs, cats, rats, frogs, snails, nettles, acorns, dandelion roots and wild mushrooms in a feverish effort to survive. In 1946, the calories provided in the U.S. Zone of Germany dropped to 1,313 by March 18 from the mere 1,550 provided earlier. Victor Gollancz, a British and Jewish author and publisher, objected that "we are starving the Germans."[3] This is similar to the statement made by Senator Homer Capehart of Indiana in a speech to the U. S. Senate on February 5, 1946: "For nine months now this administration has been carrying on a deliberate policy of mass starvationS."[4] MacDonogh tells us that the Red Cross, Quakers, Mennonites and others wanted to bring in food, but "in the winter of 1945 donations were returned with the recommendation that they be used in other war-torn parts of Europe." In the American zone of Berlin, "it was American policy that nothing should be given away and everything should be thrown away. So those German women who worked for the Americans were fantastically well fed, but could take nothing home to their families or children." Bacque says "foreign relief agencies were prevented from sending food from abroad; Red Cross food trains were sent back to Switzerland; all foreign governments were denied permission to send food to German civilians; fertilizer production was sharply reducedS The fishing fleet was kept in port while people starved."[5]

Under the Russian occupation of East Prussia, MacDonogh sees "striking similarities" to Stalin's "deliberate starvation of the Ukrainian kulaks in the early 1930s." As in the Ukraine, "cases of cannibalism were reported, with people eating the flesh of their dead children."

The suffering from extreme cold mixed with the starvation to create misery and a heavy death toll. Even though the winter in 1945-6 was a normal one, "the terrible lack of coal and food was acutely felt." Abnormally cold winters struck in 1946-7 ("possibly the coldest in living memory") and 1948-9. In Berlin alone, 60,000 people were thought to have died within the first ten months after the end of the war; and "the following winter killed off an estimated 12,000 more." People lived in holes among the ruins, and "some Germans-particularly refugees from the east-were virtually naked."

In his book Gruesome Harvest: The Allies' Postwar War Against The German People, Ralph Franklin Keeling cites a quote from a "noted German pastor": "Thousands of bodies are hanging from trees in the woods around Berlin and nobody bothers to cut them down.

Thousands of corpses are carried into the sea by the Oder and Elbe Rivers-one doesn't notice it any longer. Thousands and thousands are starving in the highwaysS Children roam the highways aloneS."[6]

In his The German Expellees: Victims in War and Peace, Alfred-Maurice de Zayas told how in Yugoslavia Marshal Tito used camps as extermination centers to starve Germans.[7]

Mass rape-to which one must add the "voluntary sex" obtained from starving women.

The onslaught of rape by invading Russian forces is, of course, infamous. In the Russian zone of Austria, "rape was part of daily life until 1947 and many women were riddled with VD and had no means to cure it." MacDonogh tells us that "conservative estimates place the number of Berlin women raped at 20,000." When the British arrived in Berlin, "officers later recalled the shock of seeing the lakes in the prosperous west filled with the corpses of women who had committed suicide after being raped." The age of the victim made little difference, with those raped ranging from 12 to 75. Nurses and nuns were among the victims (some as many as fifty times). "The Russians were particularly hard on the nobles, setting fire to their manor houses and raping or killing the inhabitants." Although "most of the unwanted Russian children were aborted," MacDonogh says "it is estimated that between 150,000 and 200,000 'Russian babies' survived." The Russians raped wherever they went, so that it wasn't just German women who were raped, but also women of Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ukraine, and Yugoslavia even though it was on the same side.

There was an official policy against rape, but it was so commonly ignored that "it was only in 1949 that Russian soldiers were presented with any real deterrent." Until then, "they were egged on by [Ilya] Ehrenburg and other Soviet propagandists who saw rape as an expression of hatred."

Although there was a "widespread incidence of rape by American soldiers," there was an enforced military policy against it, with "a number of American servicemen executed" for it. Criminal charges brought for rape "rose steadily" during the final months of the war, but declined sharply thereafter. What did continue was arguably almost as bad: the sexual exploitation of starving women who "voluntarily" sold sexual services for food. In Gruesome Harvest, Keeling quotes from an article in the Christian Century for December 5, 1945: "The American provost marshalS said that rape represents no problem for the military police because 'a bit of food, a bar of chocolate, or a bar of soap seems to make rape unnecessary.'"[8]

The extent of this is shown by the figure MacDonogh provides of an "estimated 94,000 Besatzungskinder or 'occupation children' [who] were born in the American zone." He says that in 1945-6 "many female children resorted to prostitution to survive. Boys, too, performed a service for Allied soldiers."

Keeling, writing for the 1947 publication of his book [which explains his use of the present tense], said there was "an upsurge in venereal diseases which has reached epidemic proportions," and went on to say that "a large proportion of the contamination has originated with colored American troops which we have stationed in great numbers in Germany and among whom the rate of venereal infection is many times greater than among white troops." In July 1946, he says, the annual rate of infection for white soldiers was 19%, for black troops 77.1%. He reiterated the point we are making here when he pointed to "the close connection between the venereal disease rate and availability of food."[9]



If MacDonogh mentions rape by British soldiers, it has escaped me. He does tell, however, of rape by Poles, the French, Tito's partisans, and displaced persons. In Danzig, "the Poles behaved as badly as the RussiansS It was the Poles who liberated the town of Teschen in the north [of Czechoslovakia] on 10 May. For five days they raped, looted, torched and killed." He writes of "French soldiers' behaviour in Stuttgart, where perhaps 3,000 women and eight men were raped," says "a further 500 women [were] raped in Vaihingen," and reports "three days of killing, plunder, arson and rape" in Freundenstadt. Of the displaced persons, he says that "there were around two million POWs and forced labourers from Russia who had formed into gangs and robbed and raped all over central Europe."

Part II

Treatment of the prisoners of war. In all, there were approximately eleven million German prisoners of war. One and a half million of these never returned home. MacDonogh expresses an appropriate outrage here: "To treat them with so little care that a million and a half died was scandalous."

The Red Cross had no role vis a vis those held by the Russians, since the Soviet Union had not signed the Geneva Convention. MacDonogh says the Russians made no distinction between German civilians and prisoners of war, although we know that a KGB report does sort them out for deaths and other purposes. At war's end, they held approximately four to five million within Russia (and here, again, the KGB archives are worth consulting, as historian James Bacque has done; they show a figure of 2,389,560). Large numbers were held for over ten years, being sent back to Germany only after Konrad Adenauer's visit to Moscow in 1956. Nevertheless, in 1979-34 years after the end of the war!-"there were believed to be 72,000 prisoners still alive in-chiefly Russian-custody." Some 90,000 German soldiers were captured at Stalingrad, but only 5,000 made it home.

The Americans made a distinction between the 4.2 million soldiers captured during the war, who were entitled to the shelter and subsistence called for by the Hague and Geneva Conventions, and the 3.4 million captured in the West at its end. MacDonogh says the latter were classified as "Surrendered Enemy Persons" (SEPs) or as "Disarmed Enemy Persons" (DEPs), and were denied the protections of the Conventions. He doesn't give a total figure for those who died in American custody, saying "it is not clear how many German soldiers died of starvation." He tells, however, of several situations: "The most notorious American POW camps were the so-called Rheinwiesenlager." Here, the Americans allowed "anything up to 40,000 German soldiers to die from hunger and neglect in the muddy flats of the Rhine." He says "any attempt to feed the prisoners by the German civilian population was punishable by death." Although the Red Cross was empowered to inspect, "the barbed wire surrounding the SEPs and DEPs was impenetrable."

Elsewhere, at "the Pioneers' Barracks in WormsS there were 30,000-40,000 prisoners sitting in the courtyard, jostling for space. With no protection from the rain they froze." The prisoners were starved at Langwasser, and at a "notorious camp" at Zuffenhausen where "for months lunch was turnip soup, with half a potato for dinner."



It would be a mistake to think that a world food shortage caused the United States to be unable to feed its prisoners. Bacque writes that "Captain Lee Berwick of the 424th Infantry who commanded the guard towers at Camp BretzenheimS told me, 'Food was piled up all round the camp fence.' Prisoners there saw crates piled up 'as high as bungalows.'"[10]

What MacDonogh tells us about Britain's treatment of German POWs seems conflicting. It had 391,880 prisoners working in Britain in 1946, and a total of 600 camps there in 1948. He says "the regime was not so hard, and in terms of percentages the number of men who died in British custody is strikingly low compared to the other Allies." Elsewhere, however, he tells how "the British could evade [the Geneva Convention's stipulation]S that they provide 2,000 to 3,000 calories a day," so that "for most of the time levels fell below 1,500 calories." The British had a camp in Belgium that "was meant to be particularly grueling." There, "conditions for the 130,000 prisoners were reported to be 'not much better than Belsen'S When the camp was inspected in April 1947 there were found to be just four functioning lightbulbsSthere was no fuel, no straw mattresses and no food apart from 'water soup.'"

A Reuters report in December 2005 adds an important dimension: "Britain ran a secret prison in Germany for two years after the end of World War II where inmates including Nazi party members were tortured and starved to death, the Guardian says.

Citing Foreign Office files that were opened after a request under the Freedom of Information Act, the newspaper says Britain had held men and woman [sic] at a prison in Bad Nenndorf until July 1947S 'Threats to execute prisoners, or to arrest, torture and murder their wives and children were considered "perfectly proper" on the grounds that such threats were never carried out,' the paper reports."[11]

The French wanted German labor to help rebuild the country, and for this purpose the British and Americans transferred about a million German soldiers to them. MacDonogh says "their treatment was particularly brutal." Not long after the war, according to the Red Cross, 200,000 of the prisoners were starving.
We are told of a camp "in the Sarthe [where] prisoners had to survive on 900 calories a day."

The stripping of the German economy. Allied leaders disagreed among themselves about the Morgenthau Plan to strip Germany bare of industrial assets and turn it into an agrarian country. The opposition of some and hesitation of others did not, however, prevent a de facto implementation of the plan. By the time the confiscation was ended, Germany was largely bereft of productive assets.

MacDonogh says that under the Russians "Berlin lost around 85 percent of its industrial capacity." Every machine was taken from Vienna. The ships were taken from the Danube, and "one Soviet priority was the seizure of any important works of art found in the capital [Vienna]. This was a fully planned operation." But "worse than the full-scale removal of the industrial base of the land was the abduction of men and women to develop industry in the Soviet Union."

Under the Americans, the dismantling of industrial sites continued until General Lucius Clay stopped it a year after war's end. Until Clay acted, Clause 6 of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Order 1067 embodied the Morgenthau Plan. MacDonogh says that where "American official theft was carried out on a massive scale" was in "seizing scientists and scientific equipment."

The British took much for themselves and passed other industrial property on to "client states" such as Greece and Yugoslavia. The British royal family received Goering's yacht, and the British zone of Germany was stripped of "plants that might later offer competition with British industries." MacDonogh says "the BritishS had their own brand of organized theft in [something called] T-Force, which sought to glean any industrial wizardryS."

For their part, the French asserted "the right to plunder." "The FrenchS made no bones about pocketing a chlorine business in Rheinfelden, a viscose business in Rottweil, the Preussag mines or the chemicals groups Rhodia,"S and much more.

If the Plan had been fully implemented over a longer period of time, the effects would have been calamitous. Keeling, in Gruesome Harvest, says that by seeking "the permanent destruction of Germany's industrial heartland" it would have had as an "ineluctable consequenceS the death through starvation and disease of millions and tens of millions of Germans."[12]

The forced repatriation of Russians to Stalin. MacDonogh's book limits itself to the Allied occupation, but there are, of course, many other aspects of the aftermath of the war that deserve mention, although here we will limit ourselves to just one of them. (MacDonogh does give some details about it.) It is the Allied repatriation of captured Russians to the Soviet Union. In The Secret Betrayal, Nikolai Tolstoy tells how between 1943 and 1947, a total of 2,272,000 Russians were returned. The Soviets harvested 2,946,000 more from the parts of Europe taken by the Red Army. Those sent to the Soviet Union by the Western democracies included thousands of people who were Tsarist emigres and had never lived under the Soviet regime. Tolstoy says that even though there were many who did want to return to Russia (while many others desperately did not, and were sent back, in effect, kicking and screaming), they were uniformly brutalized, executed, raped or made into slaves. Some of the repatriates were Russians who had volunteered to fight for Germany against the Soviet Union and who were led by General Vlasov. Some were Cossacks, many of whom were not even Soviet citizens. The violent repatriations began in August 1945. Tolstoy recounts how deception, clubbings, bayonets, and even threats from a flame-throwing tank were employed to force the removal.[13]

Victors' justice. When the war was over, there was a consensus among the Allies' leaders that the top Nazis should be put to death. Some wanted immediate execution, others "a drumhead court martial." There was an odd virtue in the insistence by the British on following "legal forms," which is what was decided upon. The result was a series of trials with the trappings of normal judicial proceedings, but that were actually a travesty from the point of view of the "rule of law," lacking both the spirit and particulars of "due process." In two chapters, MacDonogh gives an account of the main Nuremberg trial and of the series of trials that continued for years afterwards. Among these, the Americans conducted several trials in Nuremberg after the main one; thousands of cases were brought before "denazification courts"; the German courts, after they were operational, continued the process; and of course we know of Israel's trial and execution of Eichmann.

There are many reasons to call it "victors' justice."

For it to have been otherwise, a truly impartial tribunal would have had to have been convened somewhere in the world (if such a thing had been possible in the aftermath of a world war), and war crimes committed by all sides prosecuted. But, of course, we know that such impartial justice was not in contemplation. In the Nuremberg indictment, the Nazis were charged with the mass killing of the Polish officer corps at the Katyn Forest, a charge that was discretely (and with great intellectual and "judicial" dishonesty) overlooked in the final judgment after it became clear to all that the Soviet Union had done the killing.[14] Another of the many possible examples would be that Nazi deportations were charged as both a war crime and a crime against humanity at Nuremberg. By contrast, no one was ever "brought to justice" for the Allies' expulsion of the millions of Germans from their ancestral homes in central Europe.

A source readers will find instructive. Because of the credibility of its source, the account given by U.S. Air Force Major (retired) Arthur D. Jacobs in his book The Prison Called Hohenasperg will be useful to readers as they absorb (and assess) the information contained in MacDonogh's book and those of the other authors referred to here. It is valuable as a story both of American brutality and American compassion.

Jacobs spent 22 years in the Air Force, retiring in 1973, and then became a member of the faculty at Arizona State University for another twenty years. His book tells the following personal story: His German parents emigrated to the United States from Germany in 1928 and 1929. They had two sons born in Brooklyn (who were hence U.S. citizens), one of them Arthur Jacobs. The boys lived their early years in Brooklyn, attending elementary school.
The family was taken and held for some time at Ellis Island near the end of the war, and was then interned for seven months at the Crystal City Internment Camp in Texas, where they were well treated. They were "voluntarily repatriated" to Germany (after being threatened with deportation) in October 1945, several months after Germany's surrender.

When they arrived in Germany, Jacobs' mother was sent to one camp, the father and two sons to another. The latter reached an internment camp in Hohenasperg after a 92-hour journey locked inside a boxcar in freezing weather with mostly women and children, fed only bread and water, and "without heat, without blankets, and without toilets, except for an open, stinking bucket." Jacobs himself was twelve, and turned thirteen during his week at Hohenasperg before he was sent to another camp at Ludwigsburg. At the Hohenasperg prison, he was placed under strict discipline as a prisoner, and guards threatened him repeatedly with hanging if he disobeyed.

The camp at Ludwigsburg was in effect a holding center pending release. It is informative that Jacobs tells us of the meager diet: "At breakfast we received one glass of 'gray' milk and one slice of black bread. There was no lunch meal." At supper, "each person received one bowl of soup..., mostly water flavored by bouillon. There were no second helpingsS I always had hunger pangs." While he and his brother were at Ludwigsburg, they were forced to watch films of German death camps.

The mother, father and brothers were released from their respective camps in mid-March 1946, and went to live with Jacobs' grandparents in the British Zone. They weren't welcomed by Germans they met, because "we were four more mouths to feed." Jacobs saw that "Germany was war-torn and starving." He was befriended by an American soldier, who got him a job with Graves Registration. He lost his job when the soldier was transferred, and it became a struggle to "live through this starvation period-the winter of 1946-1947." After much knocking about, he got another job with the American Army, this time in a motor pool. An American woman took an interest in him who knew of a ranch couple in southwest Kansas who would bring them to America to live with them. Accordingly, Jacobs and his brother left for the United States in October 1947. They had been in Germany for 21 months. It was eleven years before Jacobs saw his parents again. He went on, as we have said, to become a career officer in the U.S. Air Force. After obtaining his MBA at Arizona State University, he became an industrial engineer and later a member of the ASU faculty.

Part III
Germans

If MacDonogh wrote all that we have reported (and more) from his book, how can it be said that in important ways he continued the cover-up of such horrors, a cover-up that since 1945 has consigned them to a memory hole? This brings us to the book's deficiencies, which are of such a nature as to give readers a lessened realization of the extent of the atrocities and of who was responsible for them.

Most egregious is MacDonogh's treatment of the work of Canadian historian James Bacque, author of Other Losses and Crimes and Mercies. When he refers to the first of these books, he says that Bacque "claimed the French and Americans had killed a million POWs," a claim that "was called a work of 'monstrous speculation' and was dismissed by an American historian as an 'absurd thesis.'"

According to MacDonogh, "it has since been proved that Bacque misinterpreted the words 'other losses' on Allied charts to mean 'deaths'S." Accordingly, he speaks of "Bacque's red herring." So greatly does he dismiss Bacque that in a section on "Further Reading" at the end of the book, MacDonogh apparently forgets about Bacque entirely, saying that "on the treatment of POWs there is nothing in English, and the leading American expert-Arthur L. Smith-publishes in German."

I thought it fair to ask Bacque what his response is to MacDonogh's dismissal. Bacque replied that "the word speculation describes my critics well, because it is they who have not been in all the relevant archives and who have not interviewed the thousands of survivors who have written to newspapers, TV journalists and other authors about their near-death experiences in the camps of the Americans, French and Russians."

Far from admitting that he had misinterpreted the category of "Other Losses," Bacque says that "the meaning of the termS was explained to me by Colonel Philip S. Lauben, United States Army, who was in charge of movements of prisoners for SHAEF in 1945. I have the interview on tape and Lauben's signature on a letter confirming this. Lauben has never denied what he told me."

Lauben later told the BBC that he was "mistaken," but the likelihood of a mistake is slight since he was a responsible officer on the ground and saw both the camps and the reports.

The difference between MacDonogh's and Bacque's treatment of the subject of German prisoners of war in American hands is apparent when we compare the attention each gives to the cutting off of food. MacDonogh reports in one sentence that "any attempt to feed the prisoners by the German civilian population was punishable by death." This is astounding in itself and certainly deserves explication. Bacque tells us considerably more: "General Eisenhower sent out an 'urgent courier' throughout the huge area that he commanded, making it a crime punishable by death for German civilians to feed prisoners. It was even a death-penalty crime to gather food together in one place to take it to prisoners." He says "the order was sent in German to the provincial governments, ordering them to distribute it immediately to local governments.

Copies of the orders were discovered recently in several villages near the RhineS." On pages 42-3 of Crimes and Mercies, Bacque publishes a German and an English copy of a letter dated May 9, 1945, by which district officials were notified of the prohibition.

Bacque provides evidence such as that of Professor Martin Brech of Mahopac, NY, who was a guard at the U.S. camp at Aldernach in Germany. Brech said that "he fed some loaves of bread through the wire, and was told by his superior officer, 'Don't feed them. It is our policy that these men not be fed.'" "Later, at night, Brech sneaked some more food into the camp, and the officer told him, 'If you do that again, you'll be shot.'"

Thus, we find in Bacque a much sharper description and attribution of responsibility than we do in MacDonogh. In light of the immense detail given in MacDonogh's book, this would be forgivable were it not for his attempt to blot out the work of a major scholar who has studied the subject exhaustively.

A similar cutting-short diminishes a reader's comprehension of other important subjects, which MacDonogh touches on so briefly that the reader is hardly able to form a full mental picture. For example, MacDonogh tells how in the execution of Joachim von Ribbentrop at Nuremberg "the hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for twenty minutes before he expired." In his book Nuremberg: The Last Battle, historian David Irving tells considerably more, including the fact that the gallows had been designed in a way that allowed the trapdoor to swing back and smash "every bone" in the faces of Keitel, Jodl and Frick. He says that Goering's body (after Goering had committed suicide by taking poison) "was dragged into the execution chamberS [where] the army doctors [made] frantic attempts to revive him so that he could be hanged."

There are a number of places at which MacDonogh half-tells about something important, only to leave it incomplete. We've already noted his mention of "30,000-40,000 prisoners sitting in the courtyard [at the Pioneers' Barracks in Worms]S With no protection against the rain they froze." We are left to guess the consequences of their freezing. At another place, he reports that "the Americans maintained camps for up to 1.5 millionS Nazis or members of the SS." That is his only mention of those camps, which one might suppose were even more punitive than the others. Was MacDonogh too overloaded with other detail to pursue such matters further? Did he deliberately refrain from exploring certain things? Or was the failure due a scatter-gun recital of fragmentary details?

A reader will need to assess the degree to which After the Reich is a work of scholarship as distinguished from a narrative for popular reading. MacDonogh includes many pages of endnotes, citing a large number of sources. Very occasionally, he speaks critically of a given source. But for the most part he accepts whatever a given source has to tell. The book would profit greatly from a bibliographical essay in which he would evaluate the principal sources, sharing with the reader a careful analysis of the evidentiary basis for his narrative.

An example of where a critical evaluation is essential comes with his reference, say, to Ilse Koch's "lampshades and trophies made from human skin and organs," which MacDonogh says the psychologist Saul Padover claims to have been shown. We need to know what MacDonogh would conclude if MacDonogh were to consider the counter-evidence that calls the lampshade collection a "legend."

The same holds true for MacDonogh's many citations to Raul Hilberg's The Destruction of the European Jews. There is a vast scholarly literature questioning every aspect of the Holocaust. One would never know that that literature exists from reading MacDonogh, who either doesn't know of it or finds it prudent, as so many do, not to mention it.

Notwithstanding the book's limitations, After the Reich accomplishes much when it provides another link in the chain of disclosures that, over time, are providing conscientious readers with a more complete understanding of modern history.

The fact that, at the time of the events and for so many decades thereafter, enormities of the greatest importance have been scrubbed clean by propaganda suggests implications far beyond the events themselves. The British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli observed that "all great events have been distorted, most of the important causes concealed," and went on to say that "If the history of England is ever written by one who has the knowledge and the courage, the world would be astonished."[15] The implications suggest profound questions, which we would be remiss not to mention:

How is it that a certain version of reality can, on so many subjects, hold almost total sway, while the voices of millions and of a good many serious scholars are marginalized into nothingness? (Fortunately, so far as Bacque's work is concerned, it is available in twelve languages in 13 countries, even though it has long been unavailable in the United States.)

Do we really know the truth about much of anything? Or are countless subjects veiled in a miasma of omission and distortion?

Where are our academic historians? Most historians like to give us pleasing myths, which is something expected of them and for which they are rewarded with medals, prizes and high sales.

How pervasive is a cravenness that will put almost anything ahead of a search for truth? Does mankind care very deeply about truth?

To what extent is a society or an age "democratic" if its citizens' minds are filled with phantoms, so that most of the judgments they make are either vacuous or manipulated?

And to what extent is it "democratic" if those citizens don't even have a vital say in decisions of the gravest importance?

It is significant that Keeling says that "the people of no nation in modern history, including ourselves, have ever enjoyed an important voice in the making of the great decisions either of going to war or of framing the peace arrangements."[16]

Dwight D. Murphey

[1] Adenauer is quoted in James Bacque, Crimes and Mercies: The Fate of German Civilians Under Allied Occupation, 1944-1950
(Boston: Little, Brown and Company (Canada) Limited, 1997), p. 119.
Readers may wish also to consult Theodore Schieder, ed., The Expulsion of the German Population from the Territories East of the Oder-Neisse-Line (Bonn: Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims, 1958). Alfred-Maurice de Zayas is the author of three additional books on this subject: The German Expellees: Victims in War and Peace (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986); A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944-50 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994); and Nemesis at Potsdam: The Expulsion of the Germans from the East (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1988).

[3] See two books by Victor Gollancz on the treatment of refugees: Our Threatened Values and In Darkest Germany.

[4] Capehart is quoted in Ralph Franklin Keeling, Gruesome Harvest: The Allies' Postwar War Against The German People (Torrance, CA: Institute for Historical Review edition, 1992), p. 64. The book was first published in 1947 by the Institute of American Economics in Chicago.

[5] Bacque, Crimes and Mercies, p. 91.

[6] Keeling, Gruesome Harvest, p. 64.

[7] Zayas, de, The German Expellees, p. 97.

[8] Keeling, Gruesome Harvest, p. 64.

[9] Keeling, Gruesome Harvest, pp. 62, 63.

[10] Bacque, "A Truth So Terrible," Abuse Your Illusions; article sent to me by author.

[11] "Britain Ran Torture Camp After WWII: report http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsite.

[12] Keeling, Gruesome Harvest, p. VI.

[13] Nikolai Tolstoy, The Secret Betrayal (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1977), pp. 371, 24, 315, 40, 183, 242, 343.
Readers will do well to read, as well, Julius Epstein, Operation Keelhaul: The Story of Forced Repatriation from 1944 to the Present (Old Greenwich, CN: 1973) and Nicholas Bethell, The Last Secret: Forcible Repatriation to Russia 1944-7 (London, 1974).

[14] See the discussion of the Katyn Forest killings in Bacque, Crimes and Mercies, pp. 74-5, 135.

[15] Disraeli is quoted in Keeling, Gruesome Harvest, p. 135.

[16] Keeling, Gruesome Harvest, p. 134.

Related Articles:

The REAL "holocaust" of WWII - the post-war genocide of at least three million Germans

Eisenhower's Death Camps - Hundreds of Thousands of German POWs & Civilians Killed in Open Fields Without Access to Shelter, Food, & Water

"Crimes and Mercies" by James Bacque: the genocide of 9 to 14 million ethnic Germans under Allied occupation from 1944-1950

Unspeakable Atrocities - New German film on the greatest mass rape in history - 2 million German women raped by the Judeo-Bolsheviks from 1945-49

Hidden History: The Starvation of Around One Million Germans by Allied Naval Blockade Following WWI - Bolshevik Revolutions In Germany circa 1919

There were giants in the earth in those days

This is a fascinating area of research. The Biblical record speaks of human "giants" of unusually tall stature. And there are stories of giants in the myths, legends, and history of many other early human cultures all over the world. Granted, there may be some hoaxery embedded in the research and archaeology by those trying to suppress this information in order to attempt to discredit the issue, but there are certainly many genuine archaeological finds. Below is a well-written and interesting article, which may act as an introduction to the subject.

Genesis 6:4: "There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown." (KJV)

Numbers 13:33: "And there we saw the giants, the sons of Anak, which come of the giants: and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight." (KJV)

King Og of Bashan, spoken of in Deuteronomy 3:11, had an iron bedstead approximately 14-feet by 6-feet wide. King Og was believed to be at least 12-feet tall.

Deuteronomy 3:11: "For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man."

A cubit is believed to be equal to around 18-21" (1.5 - 1.75 ft).

Human Giants

By Garry Nelson

Walking in the footsteps of giants

For most people their first giant encounter was most likely with David and Goliath, Jack and the Beanstalk, or some other bed time story. For me it was different.

When I was very small, not yet five, I lay on my grandmother's lap late on a Saturday night watching Creature Features, hosted by Bob Wilkins. I grew up in Nevada. We received much of the California broadcasting. There was no cable in those days. The movie we were watching had a giant in it. My grandmother commented that my great grandfather was a giant. I asked if she meant my grandpa with the one hand. I thought she meant him because he was six and a half feet tall. She said, “No, that is your grandfather. I'm talking about your great grandfather, he was much bigger.”

I am told that my great grandfather was seven feet tall or more and could grab people by their head with one hand his finger tips resting on their eyebrows his palm on the base of their skull, he would guide them as he pleased. My mother reports that his ears were between six and seven inches from top to bottom. I was told how he had a horse that was six feet high at the back and he could be seen over the saddle from the shoulders up. That's a big man.

The interesting thing is, through my life from grade school to adulthood, I have met with different people who could not believe the story of my great grandfather's size. From polite people who I could feel thought I was telling tall tales, (Pun intended.) to people who flat out called me a liar or an idiot. This compelled me to do a lot of giant research in my teens.

Red-Haired Giants of Nevada

Growing up in Nevada I had heard stories of the Sitecah from the Paiute Indians that lived in the area. They told of red-haired men and women of light colored skin as tall as 12 feet who originally lived in the area when the Paiutes had first arrived. Evidently these human giants liked to eat the Indians so they had problems making friends. The Indian tribes of the area finally joined and ambushed the giants killing most of them on the spot. The remaining giants took refuge in a cave. The Indians demanded they come out and fight but the giants refused. So, the Indians piled brush into the cave and set it on fire. Any giants that did run out were shot with arrows, the remaining giants were asphyxiated.

In the 1800s this cave was known as Horse Shoe Cave but is now called Lovelock Cave. Lovelock cave is located around 20 miles South of Lovelock Nevada.

Lovelock Cave Giant Jaw Comparison

In 1911 bat guano harvesters started working in this same cave. After digging out four feet of guano they found many broken arrows that the Indians had fired into the cave as well as other interesting artifacts, and yes, they found red-haired giants. Even in the shrunken mummified condition the skeletons ranged in height from 8 feet to just under 12 feet. I did an internet search on this subject and found that the reported heights are very different from what I am stating here. (Internet says 6.5 feet to 8 feet.) My account is from what I was told growing up in Nevada. I will leave it up to you to decide on the heights based on the photo of one of the cave giant's jaw bone and dental cast of a regular man's teeth. Most of the artifacts have been lost over time due to lack of interest from science. Go figure. However some of the artifacts are in the Humboldt Museum at Winnemucca Nevada and in the Nevada State Historical Society's museum at Reno.

The Review-Miner June 19, 1931 Reported the find of two giant skeletons in the Humboldt lake bed. Both skeletons were wrapped in a gum treated fabric. The first skeleton was 8 and one half feet tall, the second was just under 10 feet tall.

In 1877 prospectors outside of Eureka Nevada found a human leg broken off four inches above the knee cap including the foot. This leg was found sticking out of solid red quartzite rock dating from the time of the dinosaurs. After using their picks to extract their find from the rock they took it to Eureka. Medical doctors examined the bones and stated that it did indeed belong to a human of very modern appearance. The interesting part was the size of the bones. They measured from heel to knee 39 inches. The owner would have stood over 12 feet tall. The area was searched for more remains but nothing else was found. This story was heavily published in the newspapers of the time.

Olowalu Maui Hawaii Petroglyphs

Red-Haired Giants of Hawaii

For over 20 years now I have been living in the islands of Hawaii. Only a few years after I had first moved here I again heard about red-haired giants. Two giant 10 and 12 foot red-haired skeletons were found in a lava cave in a canyon behind Olowalu Hawaii. I drove out to Olowalu to see what I could find out. After making my way off the main road onto the old road. I turned up the canyon in which I had been told the research was happening. After a little exploring I found some excellent though strange petroglyphs on the side of a rock out cropping. I was just able to take a few pictures before a white SUV drove up with a man and a woman in it. The woman was driving. The woman told me that I would have to leave the area. After talking with her for a few minutes she admitted that Red-haired skeletons had been found and that they were much larger than they should be. She would not tell me any exact measurements. She did say that they did not want to upset the Hawaiians with their discoveries. The man never spoke even when I greeted him.

It should be noted that although there is the spirit of Pele that is the Goddess of fire believed to live in the volcano. Pele started out as a physical Pele that traveled the islands. She is described as extremely tall with fiery red hair, fair skin, great strength, incredible beauty, veracious sexual appetite and a deadly temper. It is mentioned that Pele's father is the man-eater Ku-waha-ilo who dwells in the far off heavens. Pele traveled the islands of Hawaii digging underground tunnels in an effort to find a spot that she could dig deep caves that did not flood with water so she could make a safe home for her family.

Several days after meeting the man and woman in the SUV, I went back at night. More than anything I wanted to see exactly where the discovery was. This time I took a sugar cane road in from another direction. I four wheeled it in so that I would be on the ridge above the canyon on top of the rock outcropping with the petroglyphs. I was not there very long before headlights came on below me and started working their way to me. I knew I could be gone before they could get to me but I figured I just as well go meet them. It turned out to be a local guy who was hired as security to guard the site. He told me that Yes, two giants were found. A man and a woman, the big one was easily 12 feet. He did not like staying all night in the canyon it gave him the willies. I kept him company for a while and he told me where the cave was. Not that it mattered they covered it completely when they were done. Even now the area where I had driven my truck on the ridge to look into the canyon is a housing development.

Close but no cigar. Now, as interesting as the Hawaiian part of my story is the giant's size is not first-hand and there is no evidence. So, it does not really count as proof of a race of giants.

Giants in Peru

Recently I took a trip to Peru and guess what jumped out at me in some of the museums I visited there? Yes, it was giants. In Peru they are not whisked away like they are in the USA. (It should be noted that there have been hundreds of giant discoveries in the USA that have been either ignored or taken into custody by the Smithsonian never to be seen again.) The Incas actually had kings that were giants and had red and blond hair. In the Gold Museum in Lima you can still see the clothing and head of an Incan king who stood an easy 10 feet tall. His golden robe is 8 feet long and did not touch the ground when he wore it. His gold gloves are twice as long as my hands. His dried and mummified head is easily twice the size of mine and I'm not a little person. There are two giants and their belongings in the Gold Museum in Lima Peru. Everywhere you go in Peru there are giant skulls and skeletons. Many of the skulls are not normal looking either, and they are not all thousands of years old. In most cases we are talking hundreds of years.

Peru Egypt Comparison

I think it is interesting to compare the Peruvian skulls to the Egyptian busts especially when you think they both built massive structures of stone that we can't explain. Does it prove anything? No, just interesting.

Ica Museum Skulls Peru

Now, before you start yelling about head binding and Indian cradle boards. You should know that head binding and cradle boarding can change the shape of a skull but it cannot change the capacity of a skull. The skulls shown above and to the right have from two to two and a half times the brain capacity of a normal skull. Sort of like an ounce of clay. You can mash it around all you want but it will never be two ounces of clay.

National Geographic Photo From the 1920s

I have tried to keep this within the realm of my own experiences. There is so much more to this. Like the 64 pound sledge hammer found in a 3500 year old copper mine near the town of Llandudno in North Wales. Giant axes unearthed in Iran, Giant swords, etc.You could read for weeks on the subject of giants and if your mind is anything like mine enjoy every minute of it. I would suggest googeling Solomon Island giants, red haired giants, Arizona giants, California giants, Ohio giants, Peruvian giants.

I could go on forever about giants but the fact is Science says that races of giant humans do not exist and never have.

I sure wish they would stop leaving their stuff lying around.

Yes, I know my grandmother should not have let a 5 year old watch creature features.



Mt Blanco Fossil Museum Giant Femur

National Geographic Photo from the 1920s

Standing Tall in the Land of Genghis Khan

Roy Chapman Andrews took this photograph of 7 foot five inch man in 1922 in Ulaanbaatar. The photograph was never published in the magazine.

Related Reading:

"GIANTS OF THE BIBLE" compiled by Dee Finney (many external links at end of article)

Giant Humans in Stone - All Verified by Orthodox Scientist After 30 Years of Ridicule